Poster Presentation The 44th Lorne Conference on Protein Structure and Function 2019

The complex mode of agonist binding and activation of the relaxin GPCR, RXFP1. (#166)

Ashish Sethi 1 , Shoni Bruell 1 2 , Daniel Scott 1 2 , Ross Bathgate 1 2 , Paul Gooley 1
  1. University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VICTORIA, Australia
  2. Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

The ectodomain of the relaxin GPCR receptor, RXFP1, comprises an N-terminal LDLa module, essential for activation, tethered to a leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain by a 32-residue linker. Activation is proposed to proceed by relaxin binding with strong affinity to the LRR domain and then, through an unknown process, enable the LDLa module, proposed to be a tethered agonist, to bind and activate the transmembrane domain. As the linker shows poor sequence identity amongst homologues, it has been thought of as simply a disordered region to tether the LDLa module to the receptor. We have found mutations within a conserved region of the linker immediately C-terminal to the LDLa module (GDNNGW, residues 41-46) significantly weakens relaxin affinity, suggesting an additional binding site. Using NMR spectroscopy and titrations of 15N-labelled LDLa-linker with relaxin or a paramagnetic (Mn2+) labelled relaxin, we have elucidated a discrete relaxin-binding site (residues 46-63) on the linker. Additional NMR experiments show residues 49-52 of the linker have a weak propensity for helix, which on relaxin titration stabilizes (Sethi A et al., Nat Comm, 2016). While a lack of 1H-1H NOEs suggest that the linker extends away from the LDLa module, characterization of 15N-relaxation parameters in the absence and presence of relaxin suggests that the linker weakly associates with the LDLa module. We hypothesize that LDLa-LRR linker and relaxin binding is a two-step mechanism in which partially ordered conformations of the linker form a complex with relaxin and then rapidly rearrange to form a stable helical structure, suggesting that the role of the LDLa module, along with relaxin, is to stabilize a helical conformation of the linker, especially the residues GDNNGW, which then serves as the true agonist for its receptor activation.

  1. Sethi A, Bruell S, Patil N, Hossain A, Scott D.J, Petrie E.J, Bathgate R.A.D, Gooley P.R. “The complex binding mode of the peptide hormone H2 relaxin to its receptor RXFP1” published in Nature Communications on April 18, 2016.