Poster Presentation The 44th Lorne Conference on Protein Structure and Function 2019

Exploring the dynamics of the site-specific mutator effector system, pEvolvR, on rescuing the activity of a defective chloramphenicol acetyltransferase protein (#142)

Minh MT Nguyen Tran 1 , Kristof KW Wing 1 , Alex W AH Hewitt 1 2 3
  1. Menzies Institute for Medical Research, Hobart, TAS, Australia
  2. Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne , Victoria, Australia
  3. Centre for Eye Research Australia, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

The CRISPR/Cas9 system is a robust effector for mediating site-directed cleavage at a target site with a user-defined single guide RNA (sgRNA). pEvolvR [1] employs a catalytically impaired Cas9 nickase appended to an enhanced, error-prone DNA polymerase to facilitate site-specific nucleotide diversification. Here, we introduced an A194I mutation into the active site of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene to create a minimally active E.coli variant with impaired catalytic activity. By directing the pEvolvR system to this target loci, we observe an enrichment and convergence of mutant variants with rescued acetyltransferase activity conferred by an I194A wild-type revertant mutation. Interestingly, in a continuous evolution experiment, this rescued phenotype emerges after only one-to-two serial dilutions at a slightly higher chloramphenicol concentration than the minimally active concentration of the impaired mutant (n=3). Several codon optimized variants of the wild type amino acid residues were also observed within the target sequence using Sanger sequencing. Our results align with previous observations [1] regarding the mutational spectrum of the pEvolvR system; however, we note that there was a propensity for nucleotide diversifications localized entirely within the sgRNA protospacer. This suggests a sequence-specific tendency for the nick-translating DNA polymerase component of pEvolvR to act on single-stranded DNA substrates. Here, it is suggested that the R-loop of nucleotides made accessible by the Cas9 effector allows for a limited, albeit highly specific platform for evolving proteins with annotated functional domains. In conclusion, we have explored the dynamics of a recently developed system for directed evolution. pEvolvR is a powerful system for site-directed, continuous nucleotide diversification, and we show that beneficial mutations can be accrued within the defined sequence space.

  1. Halperin, S.O., et al., CRISPR-guided DNA polymerases enable diversification of all nucleotides in a tunable window. Nature, 2018. 560(7717): p. 248-252.